Nigeria at 64: Why Nigeria Must Adopt Both Equality and Equity in the Distribution of the Dividends of Democracy
As Nigeria celebrates its 64th year of independence, the nation's progress and challenges remain a topic of discussion. With its rich cultural heritage, vast natural resources, and a population full of potential, Nigeria has made significant strides in its development journey. However, the dividends of democracy — the benefits that come from a system designed to serve the people — have not been equally or equitably distributed across the country. This reality has exposed a critical need for Nigeria to adopt both equality and equity, where applicable, in governance and the allocation of resources. The shortcomings of those in power have contributed to a growing sense of frustration and division, highlighting the urgent need for reform.
The Distinction Between Equality and Equity
Before delving into the specific failures of the Nigerian political class, it is essential to distinguish between equality and equity. Equality refers to giving everyone the same opportunities and resources. In contrast, equity recognizes that individuals and communities have different starting points and, therefore, may require different levels of support to achieve a fair outcome.
In a country as diverse as Nigeria — with its multiple ethnic groups, religions, and socio-economic classes — a one-size-fits-all approach to governance (equality) cannot effectively address the inequalities that have existed for decades. Equity is essential because it acknowledges these differences and aims to close the gaps in opportunities and outcomes.
Shortcomings of Those in Power
Unfortunately, Nigeria's leadership over the years has often failed to prioritize either equality or equity, leading to a widening gap between the rich and the poor, the powerful and the marginalized, and the urban and rural communities. This failure manifests in several key areas:
1. Corruption and Mismanagement
At the heart of Nigeria's inability to distribute the dividends of democracy fairly is the issue of corruption. Leaders at various levels of government often divert resources meant for public development into private accounts. Funds allocated for infrastructure, education, healthcare, and other public services frequently disappear, leaving large segments of the population without access to basic amenities. As a result, the dividends of democracy — such as roads, clean water, and quality education — are enjoyed by a select few, primarily those in urban centers or politically connected communities, while millions in rural areas continue to suffer.
2. Nepotism and Tribalism
Rather than pursuing policies that promote equality and equity, many leaders have resorted to nepotism and tribalism in decision-making. This favoritism ensures that government appointments, contracts, and resources are disproportionately allocated to individuals from specific ethnic groups or regions, regardless of their merit or qualifications. Such practices deepen regional and ethnic divides, fueling tensions that have threatened Nigeria's unity for decades. Equity, in particular, is essential in addressing these disparities, but those in power often prioritize personal or regional interests over national cohesion.
3. Lack of Inclusiveness in Governance
Despite Nigeria's democratic system, decision-making at the top levels of government remains largely exclusionary. Women, youth, and persons with disabilities are often underrepresented in political offices, limiting their ability to influence policies that directly affect them. While equality would ensure equal representation across different demographics, equity would require additional efforts to remove systemic barriers that prevent these groups from participating in governance. The absence of such efforts reflects the leadership’s neglect in promoting inclusive governance, leading to policies that favor the elite while ignoring the needs of the broader population.
4. Uneven Development and Neglect of Marginalized Areas
Nigeria’s development trajectory has been lopsided, with significant attention given to urban areas like Lagos and Abuja, while rural regions — particularly in the North-East and South-South — remain underdeveloped. Issues like insecurity, poor infrastructure, and lack of access to quality education and healthcare disproportionately affect these areas. The leadership’s failure to address these issues equitably has created a sense of alienation among marginalized communities, fostering a climate ripe for social unrest and violence. Adopting equity would ensure that underdeveloped areas receive the targeted interventions needed to lift them out of poverty and improve their quality of life.
5. Education and Healthcare Disparities
Two of the most crucial sectors that reflect the inequality in Nigeria are education and healthcare. Public schools and hospitals, which should serve the masses, are in disrepair, while the wealthy and politically connected send their children to private schools or seek medical care abroad. In theory, every Nigerian has access to education and healthcare, but in practice, the quality varies dramatically based on one’s socio-economic status or geographic location. Equity in these sectors would mean focusing on improving services in disadvantaged regions and ensuring that all Nigerians, regardless of their financial background, have access to quality education and healthcare.
The Need for a New Approach
To address the longstanding issues that have plagued the country, Nigeria must adopt a governance model that balances both equality and equity. Policies must be designed with an understanding of the unique challenges faced by different groups within society. This means prioritizing underdeveloped areas for investment, ensuring that marginalized communities have a voice in governance, and actively combating corruption that diverts resources from where they are needed most.
Additionally, the Nigerian political class must shift away from the narrow, self-serving politics of the past and embrace a more inclusive, people-centered approach to leadership. This would involve making decisions that prioritize the welfare of all Nigerians, not just the elite or politically connected. It also requires holding leaders accountable for their actions and ensuring that public resources are used for the benefit of the entire population.
Conclusion
At 64, Nigeria stands at a crossroads. The country has the potential to harness its vast resources and diverse population to build a more equitable society, but this will require a fundamental shift in how power is exercised and resources are distributed. By adopting both equality and equity in governance, Nigeria can ensure that the dividends of democracy — improved infrastructure, healthcare, education, and opportunities — are shared more fairly across the population, leading to a more united and prosperous nation. It is time for those in the corridors of power to step up and put the interests of the people first. Only then can Nigeria truly realize the promise of its independence.
C2024
Samson Anuoluwapo Balogun
Samson Anuoluwapo Balogun
Samson Balogun - Mc Captain
Broadcast Journalist
Honor103.5fm
Ibadan